INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT

Bioactive Compounds of Bryophytes: Unveiling Antimicrobial Properties and Therapeutic Potential

Shete R. S., Wangikar H. V., Chavan J. J., Kanade M. B., Chavan S. J. — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Bryophytes, often considered less evolved than their vascular counterparts, have nonetheless developed an impressive array of chemical defenses that allow them to thrive on land. These ancient plants-close relatives of the earliest terrestrial species-possess remarkable pharmacological properties. Their phytochemistry includes a diverse range of bioactive compounds, such as lipids, proteins, steroids, organic acids, alcohols, terpenoids and polyphenols. Notably, substances derived from various bryophyte species are widely used in antitumor, antipyretic, insecticidal and antimicrobial applications. In this review, we explore the antifungal potential of three Bryophyta divisions: mosses (Musci), hornworts (Anthocerotae) and liverworts (Hepaticae). Compounds like riccardin C, riccardin D, marchantin E, Bis-Bibenzyl and marchantin A have shown promise in treating diverse diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, nervous disorders, H1N1 influenza and lung ailments

Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Ethnobotany of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm F.) Roscoe and Alpinia galanga (L.). Wild. (Zingiberaceae): A Review

Saira S. Babu, V. P. Thomas, Binoy T. Thomas — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

From ancient times onwards, medicinal plants have always been used to treat various health issues. Zingiberaceae consists of a number of medicinally important plants and these are used in various pharmaceutical formulations. Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. and A. malaccensis (Burm f.) Roscoe belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Extensive studies are going on to explore the pharmacological and economic importance of these species. The studies revealed many pharmaceutical properties of the species A. galanga and A. malaccensis. Both species have been used as a traditional medicine from earlier times onwards. A. malaccensis is used to cure nausea, vomiting and certain wounds. A. galanga is used for the treatment of rheumatism and respiratory diseases. Both species were reported to exhibit antibacterial, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The taxa have potentially active compounds that mainly belong to the group terpenoids. Today’s world is in search of plant-derived medicines and both species can be prudently utilized for the purpose. This review focuses on the studies carried on the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of A. galanga and A. malaccensis.

Eco-sustainability with Plant Based Natural Fibers

Manisha Ahirwar, Krishna, Anushka Kumari, Chaitali Ghosh — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Fabrics and fibers have long been a crucial component of all human endeavors. Research indicates that the output of chemical and synthetic fibers increased by approximately 23.94 million metric tonnes to 105.6 million metric tonnes between 1975 and 2018. With the rise in demand for fabrics, issues about the environmental effects of fiber manufacturing and the ensuing disposal processes have also gained prominence. Many recent studies have demonstrated that the textile industry is a threat to the atmosphere and freshwater micro-system because it uses a lot of toxic and hazardous chemicals during the production process and releases pollutants across the lifecycle of a textile product. High energy use, difficult transportation, and unnecessary packing materials all contribute to other types of contamination. Finally, the issue of disposing of big solid volumes has emerged due to the enormous waste output. According to Polymers 2021, the textile sector is responsible for 20% of global pollution. Therefore, sustainable, biodegradable, and superior natural fibers are in great demand. Cotton, jute, and bamboo are some natural fibers that have been in use for ages. This paper reviews plantbased uncommon sources of natural fibers, their manufacturing process, and their applications. Like lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) stems are used for extraction of lotus silk, which can be woven into fabric. Banana fiber is a natural absorbent fiber that can be used to make safe, sanitary napkins. There is no negative effect on the environment and it is considered eco-friendly. Fibers from pineapple leaves is used in making thread for textile fabrics for various purposes, such as sports items, automobiles, baggage, mats, and carpets. Agave americana is used to extract pita fibers, which are strong, biodegradable, and eco-friendly. While vegan leathers are lacking in breathability; cactus leather, a bio-based substance, excels in this regard. With several other sources reported, this paper will give an insightful view of ecofriendly clothing, which is a boon to the fashion industry.

A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical Profile of Acacia auriculiformis

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth is a globally distributed perennial shrub known for its wide-ranging medicinal properties and therapeutic uses, with a low toxicity profile. Traditionally, it has been used to treat conditions such as rashes, rheumatism, allergies, eye irritation, and pain. Its pharmacological activities include strong antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, which help combat infections and reduce oxidative stress. The plant has shown promising antimalarial and anti-filarial activities, making it useful for treating parasitic diseases like malaria and lymphatic filariasis. Additionally, A. auriculiformis exhibits cytocidal and antimutagenic properties, suggesting potential for cancer prevention and treatment. It also has spermicidal, wound healing, and hepatoprotective effects, further broadening its therapeutic applications. Of particular interest is its antidiabetic activity, demonstrating potential in managing blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity. These pharmacological effects are attributed to the plant’s bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins. This review highlights the plant’s phytochemical composition, pharmacogenetic factors, and its broad spectrum of therapeutic activities, making A. auriculiformis a valuable resource for both traditional and modern medicine. Ongoing research is expected to further explore its potential for treating a variety of health conditions.

Anticancer Activity and New Drug Discovery in Solanum species: A review

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The ever increasing incidence of cancer occurrence in world populations is a cause to worry amongst the scientific fraternity. It has been noted that most of the patients with cancer use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. A genus from family Solanaceae that has received the most attention for its anticancerous properties is Solanum. All parts of the plants from this genus are used in cancer and related conditions as medication amongst the indigenous populations in many parts of the world. Several species of the genus showed antitumor and antiproliferative activity owing to the presence of high content of secondary metabolites. Many new types of biomolecules were detected in recent years in different parts of the plant and revealed its importance in the formulation of anticancer medication. Mostly in vitro or in some cases in vivo models provide evidence to the pharmacological activity of solanaceous compounds towards cancer. However, new biomolecules are regularly being searched and their activities are still unknown. Also more sophisticated and planned experiments, clinical trials and toxicological analysis are required to elucidate the possible anticancer mechanism of these molecules. Further studies are also necessary to prepare different herbal formulations against this disease. This review on anticancer potential of Solanum will provide a boost towards exploration of anticancerous agents from the members of this genus and augment further research in the development of anticancer drugs.

Taxonomic studies of some rare species of Genus Sirogonium Kützing and Zygnema Agradh from Darbhanga, North Bihar

Anuradha Kumari, Ankit K. Singh — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The freshwater algal flora is primary producers in the aquatic ecosystem. But due to change in climatic conditions and pollution in water bodies affected the algal diversity. These algal floras, because of their being rich in nutritional contents such as protein, carbohydrate, lipid, vitamins and folic acid, can be used as alternative sources of food in the future. Besides, it also helps in nitrogen fixation, acts as growth promoting substances, and is used as food for aquatic animals. The author describes two species of genus Sirogonium Kützing and three algal species of genus Zygnema Agardh belonging to family Zygnemataceae in the present paper. Out of 5 species, Zygnema excoummne is being reported for the first time from the Indian subcontinent while Sirogonium floridanum for the first time from Bihar. Remaining 3 species, S. megasporum, Z. substellinum and Z. tenue, are being observed for the second time from Darbhanga, North Bihar, after Kargupta & Jha (2004).

Analysis of Antimicrobial Properties of Lichen Taxa Usnea eumitrioides Motyka against Plant Pathogens

Ritika Tamta, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Balwant Kumar — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Fresh samples of fruticose lichen (Usnea eumitrioides) were collected from a Quercus Forest of a temperate region, Almora, Uttarakhand Himalaya. This lichen species abundantly occurred from temperate to alpine regions. The lichen genus Usnea is a good source of secondary metabolites and applied in the treatment of various diseases. In the present investigation Usnea eumitrioides was studied for its antimicrobial activity. It was obtained against five bacterial and two fungal pathogens respectively in solvent extract of ethanol and ethyl acetate. It was observed that it shows antimicrobial activity against all the tested plant pathogens. The ethyl acetate extract shows significant inhibitory effects on the growth of Pseudomonas syringae with a mean area of inhibition 7.47±0.057 mm at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. While the ethanol extract obtained from lichen exhibited the higher inhibitory activity against P. syringae and it showed poor activity against P. aeruginosa. The study concluded that lichens have a great potential to treat and manage the diseases affecting humans, animals and plants.

Dynamics of Phylloplane and Rhizoplane Mycoflora in Sustainable Crop Management of Green Gram and Black Gram

Kailash S. Lokhande, Amit A. Jagiya, Arun Zingare — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The phyloplane and rhizoplane mycoflora play crucial roles in the health and productivity of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.), two major legume crops grown extensively across the globe.This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted interactions between these mycoflora and their host plants, focusing on their contributions to plant health. The review synthesizes current research findings on the diversity, composition, and ecological functions of phyloplane and rhizoplane mycoflora in green gram and black gram ecosystems. Furthermore, it elucidates the mechanisms by which these mycoflora communities influence plant growth promotion, disease suppression, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance in their host plants. Moreover, the review discusses the impact of agricultural practices, environmental factors, and microbial interactions on the dynamics of phyloplane and rhizoplane mycoflora, highlighting avenues for future research and sustainable agricultural management strategies. This review underscores the importance of understanding the intricate relationships between phyloplane and rhizoplane mycoflora and their host plants for enhancing the health and resilience of green gram and black gram crops in agroecosystems.

Helicteres isora L.: A Traditional Medicinal Plant

Bhagwat Chavre — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Helicteres isora L. (Indian Screw plant) is a well-known medicinal plant widely distributed in forests of India. Traditionally it is being used in Indian System of Medicine (ISM) to cure various ailments including diarrhoea, dysentery, abdominal pains, diabetes, ulcers, intestinal parasites and hemorrhages. It is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidants, tannins and alkaloids that exhibit therapeutic effects. It shows Pharmacological actions including anticancer, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, Brain oxidant potency, anti-inflammatory, Anti-diarrheal actions. Literature survey reveals that, workers throughout the world have carried out extensive work on the pharmacognostic, phytochemical, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial and many other properties of the plant. In the present article, an effort is made to review the plant with its all-possible dimensions.

Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Azadirachta indica against Oral Cancer

Aachal Lonhare; Seema verma; Vijayalakshmi Ghosh; Sabiha Naz — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Alcohol utilization, tobacco use, and human papillomavirus infection are 3 separate or mixed hazard factors that could cause oral cancers (OC), a complex disease. This is a especially aggressive pathology that often has extreme aspect effects and a low five-year survival price following surgery, chemotherapy, and /or radiotherapy. Natural merchandise possessing a variety of organic and molecular activities, in addition to capacity chemopreventive and anticancer traits, are the source of drugs with the strongest anti-tumor impact. Frequently blanketed in a treatment method are hormone, immuno- targeted-chemotherapy, and radiation treatments. However those treatment options often have quite a number negative quick-to long-term destructive outcomes. Consequently, it is vital to create oral cancer therapy options with minimal facet outcomes or none in any respect. Thesedays, anumberof bioactive substances originatingfrom distinct plants have won hobby as potential healing techniques for the remedy of most cancers. Here in this evaluate we've taken Azadiracta indica (neem), as is the sizeable spectrum of biologic activities and pharmacologic moves of the Neem tree are well-established, and each portion of the tree has a few medicinal use.

Ethnomedicines of Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh, India

M. L. Naik, Sarvesh K. Patel, V. K. Kanungo — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present ethnomedicinal documentation of plant species was carried out among the traditional healers living inside the Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Baloda-Bazar district of Chhattisgarh, India. Providing knowledge about the ethnomedicinal plants traditionally used by the healers at the study site is the key objective of the present work. The ethnomedicinal information was collected from interviews with the healers in the local language. Identification of plants was done through taxonomic literature and local flora. The medicinal plants were listed, followed by botanical names, local names, family, habit, part/parts used, and mode of drug preparation and administration. Traditional uses of 100 plant species belonging to 94 genera and 56 families are described in this study. These species were found to be used by traditional healers for the treatment of 43 disorders/diseases of both humans and veterinarians. Largely used plant part as ethnomedicine was noted as root. Herbs are the dominant growth forms among trees, shrubs, and climbers, emphasizing that herbs are the key source of ethnomedicinal plants. This dominance highlights their importance in traditional therapeutic approaches and their ability to contribute to contemporary medicine. Ethnomedicinal studies safeguard traditional knowledge, providing crucial insights for future medication development and sustainable healthcare and safeguarding the survival of plant species and cultural legacy in an ever-changing world.

Insecticidal and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Lantana camara and GC-MS Analysis

Kashish Agrawal, Mamta Gokhale, Rumana Faraz — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Weeds are still a major problem all over the world. People are not able to remove all the weeds from the earth. It is a demand of time that we must move towards a positive aspect of weeds. This work follows the same approach. The Lantana camara leaves are used to develop a herbal insecticide product. The L. camara leaves possess insecticidal, fungicidal, and antibacterial properties. During the process of development of the product, ethanolic extract of leaves was analyzed for its antimicrobial analysis, secondary metabolite analysis and activity against insects. Antimicrobial activity was tested against three pathogenic bacterial strains, i.e., Micrococcus luteus, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus and two fungal strains, i.e., Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces sinensis, P. sinesisis, which is an Entomopathogenic fungus, infect and kill harmful insects. In some cases, it is also found as Endophytic fungi. The maximum zone of inhibition was found in C. freundii and A. niger when tested with 10% concentration of ethanolic extract of L. camara. GC-MS was used to analyze secondary metabolites, and the results show 27 compounds. The research reveals that diethyl phthalate has the maximum area percent in this ethanolic extract, which is mainly used in insecticides. The plant Calotrope gigantea was tested for its anti-insecticidal properties against the insect Oleander aphid, and on the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis against the insect Aphis fabae.

Evaluation of Nutritional Value, Heavy Metals Content, and Health Risk Assessment of Wild Edible Mushrooms in Mamit District, Mizoram, North East India

V. L. Thachunglura, Zohmangaiha Chawngthu, Prabhat K. Rai, John Zothanzama — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present study was conducted to determine the nutritional value, heavy metal content, and any potential health risks related to the consumption of wild edible mushrooms. The samples of mushrooms were collected in an area with reasonable anthropogenic disturbances linked with tourism. The collected samples were explicitly identified by analyzing their morphological and molecular characteristics. Results revealed that the identified mushrooms Lactifluus volemus and Vascellum pratense contain a substantial amount of protein and carbohydrates with low-fat content. Therefore, the selected mushrooms were enriched with biomolecules that are essential for maintaining human nutrition and health. Further, the heavy metals content in both mushrooms ranged from 0.61 to 0.75 mg/kg Cd, 7.75 to 13.14 mg/kg Mn, 0.19 to 0.44 mg/kg Ni, and 0.33 to 0.85 mg/kg Pb. Health risk assessments based on the concentration of heavy metals in Lf. volemus and V. pratense validated their suitability for safe consumption. However, long-term consumption of these mushrooms may impose human health implications through carcinogenic effects.

In-vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Swertia chirata C. B. Clarke and Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees Using Various Solvents

Shruti Parmar, R. N. Nakar, Jhanvee Chanpura — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Some plants that have been used as a phytomedicine for thousands of years. Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae) and Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) respectively distributed in Nepal and Gujarat has potential medicinal properties the development of new drugs and the use of combination chemotherapy targeted therapy and improved adherence to treatment are all important ways to address the challenge of drug resistance in chemotherapy with continued research and innovation to develop even more effective treatment for cancer. In the study mentioned the methanol, ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of two plants were tested for their antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogenic bacterial strains the results showed that the extracts had varying degrees of antimicrobial activity, with the methanol and ethanol extracts being the most active and the petroleum ether extract were very less active. However, further studies and to identify the active compound in the extracts.

Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Germinating Soybean (Glycine max) Seeds under Combined Abiotic and Biotic Stress by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy

Ashwini K. Sirsat, Heena Nadaf, Vandana Hivrale — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Agriculture in India predominantly relies on the monsoon. After seed sowing, if no rain occurs for 8 to 10 days, it results in a brief drought. During the seed germination process, this climatic condition induces fungal infection in the seeds. This results in seed determination and farmers need to perform resowing. In this study, soybean seeds were subjected to drought, fungi (Aspergillus flavus), and combined drought-fungi stress treatments for 24 and 96 hours. The secondary metabolites were extracted in 80% methanol after stress treatment, and the samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Differential profile of secondary metabolites observed in various stress conditions up to 96 hours. On the first day 2,3, butanediol was found in drought, fungi and combined drought-fungi stress conditions. Methyl-6-(1 Methylpropyl)–galactopyranoside was observed in drought and combined drought-fungi stress conditions for 96 hours. The molecules observed in such stress conditions have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, which shield the plant in various stress conditions.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of four species of Selaginella P. Beauv

Neenu. R.S., Prakash G.W., Praveen Dhar T., Biju. C., Brijithlal N.D. — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Selaginella is a member of the family Selaginellaceae under the class Lycopodiopsida, which includes spike mosses and smaller clubmosses. They are said to be one of the oldest terrestrial plants with medicinal benefits. Four Selaginella sp. are selected for the present study. S. plana, S. radicata, S. wallichii & S. willdenowii were collected from several districts of Kerala and subjected to antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal analysis and phytochemical screening. Antioxidant analysis was done with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Antifungal analysis against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum and antibacterial analysis using two-gram negative bacteria, E. coli and Vibrio cholera and two-gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes was done using agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical screening process comprises both qualitative and quantitative analysis with various solvents. Qualitative analysis of 10 selected phytochemicals were done using standard methods. The quantitative analysis includes estimation of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycoside and tannins. The aqueous extract of S. radicata shows the highest percentage (85.21±0.02) of anti-oxidant activity. Chloroform extract of S.plana shows higher antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes with an inhibition zone of 10±0.01mm. Likewise aqueous extract of S.willdenowii shows antifungal activity against P.chrysogenum with an inhibition zone of 13±0.01mm. Phytocompounds such as steroids and tannins are present moderately, while terpenoids, steroids, quinones, fatty acids, and saponins are rarely present in all solvents. From the findings, it is revealed that Selaginella sp. has moderate antioxidant and antibacterial activity because of the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, etc.

Geospatial Distribution of Commercially Valuable Lichens in Uttarakhand

Balwant Kumar, Vijay Arya, Ritika Tamta , Tapan Ghosh — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the present study, we have identified commercially significant lichen species from various regions of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The present study emphasizes about 30 commercially potential lichen species along with their geographical locations across the four studied sites within Uttarakhand state. These species possess potential applications in medicines, ethnic dyes, spices and also serve as valuable bio-indicators. Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of lichens with a notable 26 species demonstrating medicinal properties. Among these eight species exhibited promising antibacterial properties and six showcased antimicrobial potential. Furthermore, seven lichen species were identified as valuable indicators of environmental pollution. Only two species of lichens (C. fruticulose and H. cirrhata) in the study area were identified as an important source of dyes. Proper conservation and sustainable utilization of these potential lichens should be ensured in the study area not only for economic implication but also for advancement in the field of medicine and healthcare.

Proximate Composition, Mineral analysis and Phytochemical Characterization of an Ethnomedicinal Plant Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir

Athira S., Sreeranjini S. — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Since ancient times, people have utilized plants for their therapeutic benefits.These ethnomedicinal plants acquire their therapeutic qualities from some key phytochemicals or secondary metabolites that they contain. Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C.B.Clarke) Munir is an ethnomedicinal plant which contains several bioactive components. The study focuses on the proximate composition, mineral analysis and phytochemical characterization of Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata leaves using GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. The proximate analysis of the leaves unveiled higher carbohydrate (60.80 ± 0.06) content and poor fat( 0.80 ± 0.01) .The mineral analysis yielded higher concentration of Calcium(1269.00 ± 1.15) and lower concentration of zinc(1.60 ± 0.12). GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract showed the presence of several important compounds like Phytol, hexadecanoic acid, Phenol,2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), squalene,1,2-Benzendicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethyl hexyl) ester etc. Cepharanthine and isoacteoside were found to be prevailing in the LC-MS analysis. Compounds such as somniferine, grossamide, gallic acid and obaberine were also detected. Numerous minerals, nutrients and secondary metabolites present in this plant support its use in traditional medicine. Additionally, it supports the claim that the plant’s abundance of vital nutrients and minerals makes it safer and healthier to consume.

Biochemical Effects of Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Dharam Veer, P. Smriti Rao, Khalid Habib — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A field study conducted at Integral University, Lucknow, during the kharif seasons of 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 evaluated the biochemical effects of Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on black gram (Vigna mungo L.). The experiment included three replications and sixteen treatments to assess their impact on various growth parameters and yield. Significant findings included the highest values for plant population (59.15 m^-2), plant height (40.31 cm), number of branches (13.34 plant^-1), and number of nodules plant-1 (60.60). Notably, treatments combining 60 kg ha^-1 of Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria showed promising results, yielding highest fresh weight of nodules (957.51), pods plant^-1 (68.67), seeds pod-1 (8.5), grain yield (12.32 q ha^-1), straw yield (25.92 q ha^-1), 1000-grain weight (39.31), and harvest index (33.26%). Additionally, applying 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 demonstrated superior yield performance, comparable to 30 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1.

Enhancing Health Through Telemedicine and Ayurvedic Resources: A Sustainable Model

Repu D. Chand, Ranjana Rajnish, Hem Chandra, Ram S. Dwivedi, Rana P. Singh — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Increasing awareness with herbal and ayurvedic medicine have been found to pave the way for stable and non-ramification effect on cure of human and environmental health in present experiment at remote sites located at higher elevation of 1034m (3392 ft) to 1794 m (5886 ft) above sea level on Himalayan range. Out of total 210 people interviewed at three locations viz Chalthi, Narendra Nagar and Pratap Nagar in Tehri Garwal area of Uttarakhand state, India, 84.8% to 100% people responded, positively about Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Steviosides (Stevia rubaudiana), Trilobatin (Symplocos paniculata), Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and Cynarin along with 16.5% alcohol (Cynara scolymus) providing relief from lethal disease like diabetes, high blood pressure, hepatitis, liver, digestive disorders and cancerous diseases. This approach corroborated with UTPHM (ubiquitous telemedicine platform for herbal medicine) conceptual method applied in this experiment. Secondly, the general health appearance of Himalayan residents at experimental sites was found to be better than Mana (Chamoli) that located at high elevation of 10,500 ft above sea level (very cold and freezing environment) where all experimental plants including non sacchariferous super sweet plants (NSSS plant) failed to survive. This indicates that experimental plants appear to raise O₂ pressure in the environment and NSSS plants provided protection to human being from the danger of UV rays for maintaining better health at experimental sites. Such integrated techniques have been found to enhance the accessibility, cost effectiveness, personalized care and reshaping of ecofriendly environment in harnessing full potential of telemedicine approach at remote places on Himalayan hills.

Threats to the Plants with Medicinal Value in Anantnag District of Kashmir Valley

Asiya Nisar, Ab. Qayoom Mir, J. Anuradha, R. Sanjeevi — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Today’s severe human involvement has put millions of species at risk of extinction. The growing popularity of herbal remedies has boosted interest in ethnobotanical and ethno-medicinal studies on herbal products. As a result of the rising demand, medicinal plants are currently facing significant pressure. Plant-based goods are utilized not only in conventional therapy but also as a basic ingredient in contemporary medications. The growing human population and the growing demand for medical plants put a persistent strain on available resources, causing some wild species to continuously decline and eventually go extinct. At the same time, natural wild flora is disappearing at an alarming rate. In the present study area, overgrazing contributed 50%, Climate Change 27% and Tourist flow 29% to the threats to medicinal plants, apart from being continuously used for treating various diseases. So, in various regions of the world, multiple proposals have been made for the protection of medicinal plant species. This covers efforts like botanical gardens and gene banks in ex-situ conservation as well as in-situ conservation through the establishment of preservation areas and cultivation. The elements that can be used as preventive strategies to stop these actions or that can provide information about how detrimental they are to the sustainability of medicinal plants in a certain area need to be looked into urgently. To preserve this priceless legacy, it is crucial to work towards the protection and sustainable use of medicinal plant resources. A lot of work has been conducted in this area. However, no such work has been done in the Anantnag district on threats to medicinal plants. The main objective of the study is to identify the threats to medicinal plants in the Anantnag district of Kashmir Valley.

Comparative GCMS-based profiling of phytochemical constituents from Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach and Toona ciliata

Rohit Chhabra, Rajni Sharma, Pushp Sharma, Amrinder Kaur, Sapna Thakur — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

For countless generations, Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach and Toona ciliata have been widely recognised for their ethnobotanical properties, which have been utilised in the traditional medicinal purposes. The extracts derived from the fruit, bark, and leaves of these species exhibit a heterogeneous mixture including diverse chemical constituents. In order to ascertain the phytochemical profile of the volatile bioactive constituents in various plant parts, it is often necessary to employ quick extract screening procedures prior to the analytical determination. In general, plants possess genetic regulation mechanisms that govern their metabolic profiles. However, the quantification of these profiles can exhibit variability depending upon the prevailing environmental conditions. The chosen three tree species were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry examination in order to assess the degree of variability in their Volatile organic compounds. The leaves of A. indica were found to possess a total of eight bioactive compounds, whereas the bark and fruits of the plant had six and fifteen bioactive compounds, respectively. A total of eight bioactive chemicals were identified in the leaves of M. azedarach, while seven were found in the bark and 10 were detected in the fruits. A total of ten bioactive chemicals were detected in the leaves, eight in the fruits, and fourteen in the bark of T. ciliata. Hence, the presence of diverse chemical composition which make these tree species as pharmaceutically relevant and form putative basis for further scientific work.

Ethnomedicinal Survey of Plants in Nagri Block of District Dhamtari of Chhattisgarh, India

Gaurav Nag, V. K. Kanungo, Sarvesh K. Patel — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nagri block is located 69 km towards the east direction from Dhamtari district headquarters. It coordinates at 20°34’10’’ N. and 81°95’90’’ E. Forest has been flourishing exceptionally well in Nagri block. Plants with medicinal benefits are the predominant part of the terrain of Nagri. The objective of the study is to acquire comprehensive data on the variety of medicinal plants that are found in Nagri block and used by the tribal. Traditional healers and medicine men are playing an important role in primary health care in the study area. Tribal, local people, and traditional healers have been considered during the survey of medicinal plants in the current study. The study documented a total of 50 plant species of 44 genera belonging to 29 families with medicinal uses, local names, and parts used as medicine. Largely used plant part was noted to be root and leaf followed by bark, whole plants, and other parts. A survey of the medicinal plants indicated that there is a wealth of knowledge about treating various ailments using plants available, they are gradually vanishing with the traditional healers and primary health care is still dependent on plants in this tribal area, therefore the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants required to be documented.

Cyanobacterial Richness in Paddy fields of Saidabad Block, Prayagraj District, UP, India

Swati Chaurasia, Amita Pandey, Rahul Soni — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cyanobacteria are the common microbial population present in paddy fields. Their presence and diversity indicates the health of soil and also gives an idea of types of fertilizers used in field. This study on isolation and identification of cyanobacterial strains was carried out for the first time from ten paddy fields in Saidabad block, Prayagraj district to identify the local and dominant strains for future preparation and application of biofertilizer in different crop fields. These strains also have a future prospect to be utilized as liquid trees for the purification of environment at the study site. In the present work a total of 37 cyanobacterial species belonging to 26 genera and 10 families were recorded. Data indicates the dominance of filamentous heterocystous types like Nostoc, Anabaena, Aulosira and Gloeotrichia in paddy fields. However the frequency of occurrence and species diversity was maximum of non-heterocystous form Oscillatoria. Nostacales was the most dominant order with representatives of all its five families i.e. Oscillatoriaceae, Microchaetaceae, Nostocaceae, Scytonemataceae and Rivulariaceae.

Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Some Invasive Plant Species Near an Ash Disposal Site

Ashutosh Pandey, Sanjay Dwivedi, Soumit K. Behera, Vinay K. Singh, Vivek Pandey — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Present study focused on evaluating heavy metal accumulation potential of invasive plant species growing near an ash disposal site of a thermal power station. A total number of 8 invasive plant species (weeds) were collected and screened for heavy metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) accumulation. Results showed that the soil was slightly acidic (pH -6.8) with a high concentration of Fe (10133 mg kg^-1dw) while the concentrations of Mn and Cu were (72 and 51 mg kg^-1dw)respectively. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals varied in various plant species.The maximum level of Fe (988 mg kg^-1dw) and Ni (11 mg kg^-1dw) was found inSolanumnigrum and Euphorbia prostrata, respectively. Ageratum conyzoides was the most efficient plant for metal accumulation from FA-contaminatedsites among all species. In general, the concentration of heavy metals was higher in shoots than in roots for most of the plants which means that these plant species can be usedfor phytoextraction of heavy metals, thus helping in the phytoremediation of fly ash-contaminated soil.

Response of IBA and NAA on Shoot Development in Stem Cuttings of Dragon Fruit [Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose]

Lavkush Pandey, Kuldeep K. Shukla, Deepa H. Dwivedi, Sanjay Pathak, Shiv Poojan — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A study was conducted during 2019-2020 for a response of IBA and NAA on shoot development in stem cuttings of Dragon fruit. The plants can be propagated through both sexual means, such as seeds, and asexual methods, like stem cutting. Sexually propagated seedlings require more than three years to bear fruit. While some species of dragon fruit may naturally root and shoot without the need for exogenous auxin treatment, the majority do not readily develop roots and shoots, necessitating specific propagation techniques.The study aimed to standardize the different types of growth regulators and their concentrations, aiming to determine their positive correlation with the rooting and shooting percentages of dragon fruit stem cuttings. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design comprising nine treatments and three replications. Stem cuttings of dragon fruit treated with IBA, NAA, and their combinations demonstrated that the minimum number of days taken for sprouting (8.10), best-sprouting percentage of shoots (51.13%), number of sprouts per cutting (2.05), sprout length (14.45 cm), diameter of the shoot (3.35 mm), average number of spines per areoles (4.15), fresh weight of shoot (52.6 g), and dry weight of shoot (10.48 g) were recorded in cuttings treated with IBA 4000 PPM. This was likely due to the stimulatory effects of exogenously applied auxin (IBA) on the initiation of new shoot tips in stem cuttings as compared to NAA.