Emerging Nutrient Deficiencies in Cereal Production System and their Possible Management Strategies to Achieve Nutritional Securities

Abstract

Rye, oats, barley, corn, triticale, millet, and sorghum are among the cereals cultivated in various countries. With more than half of the
world’s grain production going to wheat and rice, these two crops are the most significant on the planet. Human have traditionally
consumed cereals, which are staple foods and significant nutrient sources in both developed and developing nations. Cereal goods
contain a variety of micronutrients, including vitamin E, several B vitamins, magnesium, and zinc, and are a significant source of energy,
carbohydrate, and protein. All living species, including crop plants, require a number of fundamental elements in order to maintain
development and cell processes as well as to complete the life cycle. For the development and production of plants, vital minerals are
necessary. Essential minerals are indispensable for plant growth and production. There are a variety of recognized essential mineral
elements that are mostly accumulated from the soil. However, the soils of the Indian subcontinent have been deficient in some nutrients
as a result of years of extensive agriculture and unbalanced fertilizer use. Under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrient
stress, leaf characteristics show different deficiency symptoms, according to the plant nutrition process. For crop nutrient management,
it is critical to develop a reliable, fast, and modified method for diagnosing crop nutrition. Improving fertilizer efficiency is a major
concern for managing crop production and maintaining soil economic productivity.