Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle from Calanthe masuca (D.DON) Lindl. Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Biological Activity - An Endangered Orchid (Orchidaceae)

Abstract

Researchers looked at the therapeutic benefits and biological properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and created and tested novel eco-friendly methods to make them using an extract from the Calanthe masuca (D. Done) Lindl plant (Orchidaceae). After the C. masuca leaf extract was transformed, X-ray diffraction confirmed the existence of crystalline nanoparticles by revealing different peaks. The AgNPs were found to be spherical in shape, with a size ranging from 2 to 50 nm and a diameter of 0.500 nm, according to transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of silver nanoparticles in the synthetic leaf components was confirmed by a 428 nm absorption peak in the UV-visible spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the nanoparticles’ size, while FTIR analysis revealed their inclusion of many functional groups. They proved their antibacterial effectiveness by producing silver nanoparticles and tested them against different human pathogenic pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus (6.5 ± 1.0 μg/ ml), Bacillus subtilis (7.6 ± 1.0 μg/ml), Escherichia coli (10.4 ± 1.0 μg/ml), Streptococcus oralis (7.6 ± 1.0 μg/ml), Aspergillus niger (9.3 ± 1.0 μg/ml), and Candida albicans 7.5 ± 1.0 μg/ml) and the high zone of inhibition were seen in Escherchia coli and Candida albican. This study demonstrates the biomaterial’s promise for use in the production of silver nanoparticles using green chemistry methodology. An ecofriendly way of generating nanoparticles is highlighted in this paper, which highlights their promising applications in biology and medicine.