The Impact of Antimicrobial Proteins on Plant Defense Strategies

Abstract

Antimicrobial proteins (APs) are the short polypeptides, and have an important piece of the innate defense network present in all lifeforms, including microbes, arthropods, animals, and plants. Our literature survey revealed that APs have an inherent immunological reaction in several creatures including humans, but there has a little knowledge on how they act as defense mechanisms in plants. As a result, the goal of this study is to advancement of our understanding that how these plant peptides function as an immunological defense at the molecular level in plants. Thus, our research revealed that how the anxious message created by the biological risk is recognized by plant cells and then eventually transformed into an effective defensive action. Moreover, APs might kill pathogenic microbes, fungi, and viruses, and have capacity to promptly eradicate antibiotic-mediated multidrug-resistant infections. Further, our finding with these tiny peptides gives quick, regulated, and long-lasting immunity to a wide range of pathogenic organisms via stimulation of Ca²⁺ influx, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, and activation of MAPK cascade for the transcription of APs genes and also plant defense hormones, assures plant survival in nature. Therefore, it may conclude that APs might be used as an admirable weapon for protecting plants from different infections, and recommends a bright future in agricultural and therapeutic studies.