Phytochemical Characterization of Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Extract Using GC-MS: Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

Abstract

indica (L.) Kuntze leaves were tested to explore their chemo profiling through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The samples were also analyzed to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant efficacy of the plant extract was evaluated using the FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS methodologies. The results revealed that extract had a high concentration of flavonoids and phenols and exhibited the highest antioxidant properties reflected by the inhibition of free radical DPPH (30.87 ± 0.001%). The plant extracts showed antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) bacteria with 10 and 9 mm inhibition zones, respectively. The GC-MS studies exhibited the presence of 25 compounds. The major constituents are desogestrel (100%), n-hexadecanoic acid (8.59%), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) (8.5%), gamma.-sitosterol (7.57%), and palmitic acid, TMS derivative (3.31%). The GC-MS analysis exhibited that leaves consist of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and fatty acids.