Harnessing Biocontrol Agents to Combat Stem Rot Disease in Peanut Cultivation: A Sustainable Approach for Enhanced Yield and Soil Health

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) stands as a crucial oilseed crop in the tropical and subtropical regions of India, esteemed for its high nutritional value comprising proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Yet, its yield faces significant threats from diverse biotic and abiotic stresses prevalent in today's agricultural landscape. Among the biotic stressors, soil- and seed-borne diseases such as collar rot/crown rot/seedling blight (Aspergillus niger), stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), and aflaroot (Aspergillus flavus) emerge as major concerns. However, excessive fungicide application, while traditionally employed to combat these diseases, poses risks of soil pollution and disruption of microbial diversity. In response, the exploration of biocontrol agents presents a more sustainable alternative. In the present  investigation, nine bacterial isolates were scrutinized for their efficacy as biocontrols against the Sclerotium rolfsii fungus. Notably, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (N6) and Bacillus subtilis (N9) emerged as promising candidates, showcasing substantial reductions in pathogen growth and disease symptoms, alongside fostering enhanced plant growth. This study heralds a novel avenue for mitigating stem rot disease and bolstering peanut production through the application of biocontrols, heralding a promising stride towards sustainable agriculture practices