Vernonanthura polyanthes (Assa-peixe): A comprehensive review of its phytochemical revelations and pharmacological spectrum

Abstract

The efficacy of medicinal plants has gained significant recognition, leading to a surge in demand for these holistic treatments. Among
them, Vernonanthura polyanthes, commonly known as “Assa-peixe,” is an ethnomedicinally important plant native to Brazil, recognized
for its therapeutic use in treating respiratory disorders, fever, inflammation, ulcers, and hypertension. Its recognized pharmacological
relevance has prompted comprehensive studies into its chemical composition and biological activities. Taxonomically, it belongs to the
family Asteraceae, and its botanical description includes characteristics such as an upright shrub with lanceolate leaves and panicle-like
inflorescences. The plant’s phytochemical profiling uncovers a range of active compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, sesquiterpene
lactones, terpenes, steroids, and phenolic acids, with notable bioactive compounds like Rutin, Glaucolide A, and Apigenin. These
metabolites contribute to various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, antibacterial,
anti-leishmanicidal, antitrypanosomal, and anticancer properties. Toxicological evaluations showed that high concentrations may elicit
cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, underscoring the importance of dose optimization. This review article provides an up-to-date knowledge on the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of V. polyanthes, encompassing its traditional ethnomedicine with
contemporary scientific evidence. Collectively, these insights emphasize the species’ value as a natural source of bioactive compounds,
supporting its continued exploration for drug discovery and therapeutic applications.