Current Evidence on Memory-Enhancing Compounds and Herbs: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Memory and cognitive function play vital roles in our daily lives, and the pursuit of effective strategies to enhance these cognitive abilities has long been a topic of interest. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of memory-enhancing compounds and herbs, focusing on their potential benefits, mechanisms of action, and limitations. Numerous compounds and herbs have been studied for their cognitive benefits, with some promising results. Ginkgo biloba, a well-known herb with antioxidant properties, has been investigated for its potential to improve memory and cognitive function, particularly in the elderly. Bacopa monnieri, a herb used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, has demonstrated positive effects on memory and attention in several clinical studies. Panax ginseng, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, has also shown potential as a cognitive enhancer, with evidence suggesting improvements in cognitive performance, attention, and working memory. The aroma of rosemary, a culinary herb, has been found to have memory-enhancing properties, although further research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms. The current article reviews the data from experimental and clinical findings for several Indian herbal medicines, including Withania somnifera, Ginkgo biloba, Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Panax ginseng, Rosmarinus officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra; Convolvulus pluricaulis, Acorus calamus and Phyllanthus emblica; all of which have demonstrated prospects for addressing memory disorders. While these compounds and herbs hold promise, their efficacy and safety profiles vary; therefore, rigorous clinical trials and standardized protocols, are desired to establish their effectiveness, optimal dosages, and long-term effects.