Fossil Species of Lagerstroemia and Millettia from Miocene Strata of the Sarkaghat Region in the Sub-Himalayan Zone of Himachal Pradesh, India, and their Palaeobotanical Inferences
Main Article Content
Abstract
Palaeobotanical investigations were conducted on plant macrofossils obtained from the Middle Siwalik sediments of Sarkaghat, Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh, India as part of this current communication. This study discovered the existence of two previously unknown
fossil species that correspond to the taxa that are now living, Lagerstroemia Linn. and Millettia Wight & Arn. of the families Lythraceae and Fabaceae, respectively. These modern comparable taxa of the macrofossils reported here are distributed in the tropical evergreen to
moist deciduous forests of the south-east Asian region which may suggest that tropical forests under moist conditions were prevalent during the Upper Miocene times in this region in contrast to mixed deciduous forest under the reduced precipitation at present. It also
indicates the prevalence of a humid tropical climate during the Miocene in the Sarkaghat area.
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1.
Alok A, PRASAD M, SHASHI S, pandey shivendra mohan. Fossil Species of Lagerstroemia and Millettia from Miocene Strata of the Sarkaghat Region in the Sub-Himalayan Zone of Himachal Pradesh, India, and their Palaeobotanical Inferences. IJPE [Internet]. 2023Aug.8 [cited 2024Oct.22];9(01):49-56. Available from: https://ijplantenviro.com/index.php/IJPE/article/view/1437
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References
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Awasthi, N. & Prasad, M. (1990). Siwalik plant fossils from Surai Khola area, western Nepal. Palaeobotanist, 38, 298-318.
Antal, J. S. & Prasad, M. (1996). Some more leaf-impressions from the Himalayan foot-hills of Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India. Palaeobotanist, 43(2), 1-9.
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Dilcher, D. L. (1974). Approaches to identification of angiospermous leaf remains. Bot. Rev., 40, 1-157.
Dwivedi, H. D., Prasad, M. & Tripathi, P. P. (2006a). Angiospermous leaves from the Lower Siwalik sediments of Koilabas area, western Nepal and their phytogeographical significance. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 32(2),135-142.
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Gamble, J. S. (1972). A manual of Indian timbers. Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Ghosh, S. S. & Ghosh, A. K. (1958). Anisopteroxylon jawalamukhiii sp. nov., a new fossil record from the Siwalik. Science & Culture, 24, 238-241.
Guleria, J. S. (1992).Neogene vegetation of peninsular India. Palaeobotanist, 40, 285-311.
Hickey, L. J. (1973).Classification of architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. Amm. J. Bot., 60, 17-33.
Huzioka, K. & Takahasi,E. (1970).The Eocene flora of the Ube Coalfield, south west Honshu, Japan. Journal of the Minning college, Akita University), 4(5), 1-88.
Ishida, S. (1970). The Noroshi flora of Noto peninsula, central Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, 37(1), 1-112.
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Lakhanpal, R. N. (1965). Occurrence of Zizyphus in the Siwaliks near Jawalamukhi. Current Science, 34(23), 666-667.
Lakhanpal, R. N. (1967). Fossil Rhamnaceae from the Lower Siwalik beds near Jawalamukhi, Himachal Pradesh. Publication Central Advanced Study Geology Panjab University, Chandigarh, 3, 23-26.
Lakhanpal, R. N. (1968). A new fossil Ficus from the Siwalik beds near Jawalamukhi, Himachal Pradesh. Publication Central Advanced Study Geology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 5, 17-19.
Lakhanpal, R. N. (1969). Fossil Fissistigma from the Lower Siwalik near Jawalamukhi, India. In: Santapau H et al. (Editors) Journal Sen Memorial Volume, 311-312.
Lakhanpal, R. N. & Awasthi, N. (1992). New species of Fissistigma and Terminalia from the Siwalik sediments of Balugoloa, Himachal Pradesh. Geophytology, 21, 49-52.
Lakhanpal, R. N. & Dayal, R. (1966). Lower Siwalik plants from near Jawalamukhi, Panjab. Current Science, 35(8), 209-211.
Lakhanpal, R. N. & Guleria, J. S. (1981). Leaf-impressions from the Eocene of Kachchh, western India. Palaeobotanist, 28-29, 353-373.
Lakhanpal, R. N. & Guleria, J.S. (1982). Plant remains from the Miocene of Kachchh, western India. Palaeobotanist, 30(3), 270-296.
Lakhanpal, R. N. & Guleria, J. S. (1987). Fossil leaves of Dipterocarpus from the Lower Siwalik beds near Jawalamukhi, Himachal Pradesh. Palaeobotanist, 35, 258-262.
Lakhanpal, R. N., Tiwari, A. P. & Awasthi, N. (1987). Occurrence of Bamboo in the Siwalik beds near Ranital, Himachal Pradesh. Palaeobotanist, 35,184-188.
Mabberley, D. J. (1997). The Plant Book. Cambridge, U.K.
Mathur, A. K., Mishra, V. P. & Mehra, S. (1996). Systematic study of plant fossils from Dagsai, Kasauli and Dharmsala formations of Himachal Pradesh. Geological Survey of India Palaeontologia Indica (New Series), 50,1-121.
Mehrotra, R. C., Paul, A. K. & Verma, S. K. 92007). Plant remains from the Disang Group of Wokha District, Nagaland, India. Current Science, 92, 597-598.
Menzel, P. (1920). Uber Pflanzen reste aue Basaltluffen des Kamerungebietes. Beitrage Zur geologischen Erforschung der deutschen Schutzgebiete, 18, 7-72.
Pilgrim, G. E. (1913). Correlation of the Siwalik with the Mammal Horizons of Europe. Rec. geol. Surv. India, 43(4), 264-326.
Prakash, U. (1975). Fossil woods from the Siwalik beds of Himachal Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist, 22 (3), 192-210.
Prakash, U. (1979). Some more fossil woods from the Lower Siwalik beds of Himachal Pradesh, India. Himalayan Geology, 8, 61-68.
Prakash, U. (1981). Further occurrence of fossil woods from the Lower Siwalik beds of Uttar Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist, 28-29, 374-388.
Prakash, U. & Tripathi, P. P. (1992). Floral evolution and climatic changes during the Siwalik Period. Biologica Memoire, 18(1-2), 57-68.
Prasad, M. (1990a). Fossil flora from the Siwalik sediments of Koilabas, Nepal. Geophytology, 19,79-105.
Prasad, M. (1990b). Some more leaf impressions from the Lower Siwalik beds of Koilabas, Nepal. Palaeobotanist, 37, 299-315.
Prasad, M. (1994a). Plant megafossils from the Siwalik sediments of Koilabas, central Himalaya, Nepal and their impact on palaeoenvironment. Palaeobotanist, 42(2),126-156.
Prasad, M. (1994b). Siwalik (Middle Miocene) leaf impressions from foot hills of the Himalaya, India. Tertiary Research, 15 (2), 53-90.
Prasad, M. (2006). Plant fossils from Siwalik sediments of Himachal Pradesh and their palaeoclimatic significance. Phytomorphology, 56(1&2), 9-22.
Prasad, M. (2008). Angiospermous fossil leaves from the Siwalik Foreland Basins and its palaeoclimatic implications. Palaeobotanist, 57,177-215.
Prasad, M. (2010). Corbonised fossil woods from the Siwalik Group of Himachal Pradesh, India and their significance. Journal of Palaentological Society of India, 55(1), 23-28.
Prasad, M. (2012). First record of megafossils from Nahan Formation, Himachal Pradesh and their significance. Indian Association of Sedimentologist, 31,105-114.
Prasad, M. (2013). Record of leaf impression from Middle Churia Formation of Arjun Khola area in the Sub-Himalayan zone of Nepal: palaeoclimatic and palaeophytogeographical implications. Himalayan Geology, 34 (2), 158-167.
Prasad, M. & Awasthi, N. 1996. Contribution to the Siwalik flora from Surai Khola sequence, western Nepal and its palaeoecological and phytogeographical implications. Palaeobotanist, 43(3), 1-42.
Prasad, M., Alok, Kannaujia, A. K., Kumar, S. & Singh, S. K. (2017). Middle Miocene flora from Siwalik foreland basin of Uttarakhand, India and its phytogeographic and palaeoclimatic implications. Palaeobotanist, 66(2), 223-312.
Prasad, M. Antal, J. S. Tripathi, P. P. & Panday, V. K. 1999. Further contribution to the Swalik flora the Koilabas area, Western Nepal. Palaeobotanist, 48: 49-95.
Prasad, M. & Gautam, S. (2016). Dipterocarpaceous macrofossils from Churia Group of Arjun Khola area, western Nepal and phytogeographical and palaeoclimatical implications. Palaeobotanist, 62(2), 247-270.
Prasad, M., Ghosh, R. & Tripathi, P. P. (2004). Floristics and climate during the Siwalik (Middle Miocene) near Kathgodam in the Himalayan foot hills of Uttranchal, India. Palaeont. Soc. India, 49, 35-93.
Prasad, M, Kannaujia, A. K., Alok & Singh, S. K. (2015). Plant megaflora from the Siwalik (Upper Miocene) of Darjeeling District, West Bengal, India and its palaeoclimatic and phytogeographic significance. Palaeobotanist, 64(1), 13-94.
Prasad, M., Mohan, L. & Singh, S. K. (2013). First record of fossil leaves from Siwalik (Upper Miocene) sediments of Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh, India: palaeoclimatic and phytogeographical implications. Palaeobotanist, 62(2), 165-180.
Prasad, M. & Pandey, S. M. (2008). Plant diversity and climate during Siwalik (Miocene- Pliocene) in the Himalayan foot Hills of western Nepal. Palaeontographica, 278B, 13-70.
Prasad, M. & Tripathi, P. P. (2000). Plant megafossils from the Siwalik sediments of Bhutan and their climatic significance. Biological Memoirs, 26(1), 6-19.
Punyasena, S., Eshel, W. G. & McElwain, J. C. (2008). The influence of climate on the spatial patterning of neotropical plant families. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 117–130.
Ridley, H. N. (1967). The flora of Malaya Peninsula-I. Amsterdam. Reeve & Co., Great Britain.
Schrine, B. D., Lewis, G. P. & Lavin, N. M. (2005). Biogeography of the Leguminosae. In Lewis et al. (Editor)- Legume of the world, Kew, England, 21-54.
Shashi, Pandey, S. M. & Prasad, M. (2008). Siwalik (Middle Miocene) leaf impressions from Tanakpur area, Uttaranchal and their bearing on climate. Geophytology, 37, 99-108.
Singh, H., Ranjan, R., Singh, P. K. & Prasad, M. (2022). Two new fossil species , Fissistigma himachalensis (Family: Annonaceae) and Berberis siwalica (Family: Berberidaceae), from Middle Siwalik of Sarkaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India. Geophytology, 52(1&2), 157-66.
Singh, S. K. & Prasad, M. (2009a). Floral diversity and climate during Late Tertiary period in Mahuadanr Valley, Jharkhand, India. Phytomorphology, 59 (1&2),19-28.
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