Exploring The Phytochemistry, Ethnobotany, Traditional Uses, Pharmacology, Nutraceutical Benefits, and Clinical Potential of Myrica esculenta

Abstract

The increasing use of spices and medicinal plants in pharmaceuticals and daily life has significantly boosted agronomy, pharmacy, and export sectors. Within this context, Myrica esculenta (Boxberry/Kaiphal), the only Indian species of the genus Myrica (family Myricaceae), has gained prominence due to its ethnobotanical and pharmacological importance, particularly in the Himalayan regions. This study explores the phytochemical composition, traditional uses, and pharmacological potential of M. esculenta. Preliminary screening of methanolic and aqueous extracts from bark and leaves revealed bioactive compounds like tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins known for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective activities. Characterization through HPLC, GC-MS, and FTIR confirmed their presence. In-vitro assays demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in the methanolic extract and effective antimicrobial action against common pathogens. Ethnobotanical surveys highlighted its traditional use in treating cough, fever, digestive issues, and skin diseases. The findings validate the plant’s therapeutic potential and support its development into herbal remedies and nutraceuticals. Further in-vivo studies and clinical trials are recommended to substantiate these results. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern science could promote sustainable use of this valuable Himalayan species and contribute to the advancement of plant-based healthcare solutions.