Identification of Nutraceutically Important Metabolites in Raw and Popped Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb.) Seeds Using GCMS Technique

Abstract

Euryale ferox, commonly known as fox nut or makhana, is an aquatic plant whose seeds are highly regarded for their nutritional and medicinal values. The plant has several health benefits, including  antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory qualities, due to the presence of  bioactive phytochemical that include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds.Nutritionally, E.ferox  seeds are high in proteins, essential amino acids, fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially omega-3), vitamins (B-complex), and minerals (Ca, Mg, P). Recent developments in analytical methods,  particularly Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) can accurately identify and measure the complex phytochemical contents of E. ferox. GC-MS technology allows for a more detailed understanding of the volatile and non-volatile compounds present in the plant, providing insights into its antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities. This communication highlights the potential of GC-MS in the comprehensive analysis of E.ferox  bioactive constituents. The metabolome obtained shows the presence of 36 metabolites. Major metabolites identified include glycerol, buatnoic acid ,decanoic acid,myristic acid, gallic acid,palmitic acid, myo-inositol, lenoleic acid, farnesol, tricosanoic acid etc. Roles of these compounds on human metabolism have been deciphered .

The results obtained emphasize the need for further research using all possible methods to explore its medicinal and nutritional potentials. The application of GC-MS could significantly contribute to optimizing the use of E.ferox  in both functional and therapeutic contexts.